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Thyateira and the Battle of Magnesia
Before the decisive Battle of Magnesia in 190 BCE, the Seleucid army camped in the area around Thyateira. This important battle was fought between...
Early Christian Churches in Pergamum
Archaeological excavations have revealed the remains of several church buildings in ancient Pergamum. These discoveries show that Christianity became well established in the city...
The Heresy of Balaam in Pergamum
It seems that, despite their faith in the new Christian religion, some believers in Pergamum were still following practices that St John considered dangerous....
The Nicolaitans and the Defense of Faith
The Christians of Ephesus are praised for the strong opposition they showed toward the Nicolaitans. This group was linked to a man named Nicolas,...
“I Know Your Works” Praise for Faithfulness
The expression “I know your works, your labor, and your endurance” appears at the beginning of each of the letters in the Book of...
The Cayster River and the Fate of Ephesus
The history of Ephesus is closely connected with the Cayster River. From the very beginning, the river was both a blessing and a problem...
Christianity and the Imperial Cult
The roots of Roman emperor worship go back to the Hellenistic period, long before the Roman Empire reached its height. One of the most...
The Seven Golden Lampstands
In the vision described in the Book of Revelation, the seven golden candlesticks, or lampstands, represent the Seven Churches of Asia Minor. These churches...
The Turning Point of the Vision
St John continues his account by describing what happened when he turned toward the voice that spoke to him. He says that when he...
The Western Spur and Its Ancient Fortifications
Even though the fortifications around the western spur of the Sixth Hill may have a very old origin, it is wrong to think that...
