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The Nicolaitans and the Defense of Faith
The Christians of Ephesus are praised for the strong opposition they showed toward the Nicolaitans. This group was linked to a man named Nicolas,...
“I Know Your Works” Praise for Faithfulness
The expression “I know your works, your labor, and your endurance” appears at the beginning of each of the letters in the Book of...
The Cayster River and the Fate of Ephesus
The history of Ephesus is closely connected with the Cayster River. From the very beginning, the river was both a blessing and a problem...
Christianity and the Imperial Cult
The roots of Roman emperor worship go back to the Hellenistic period, long before the Roman Empire reached its height. One of the most...
The Seven Golden Lampstands
In the vision described in the Book of Revelation, the seven golden candlesticks, or lampstands, represent the Seven Churches of Asia Minor. These churches...
The Turning Point of the Vision
St John continues his account by describing what happened when he turned toward the voice that spoke to him. He says that when he...
The Western Spur and Its Ancient Fortifications
Even though the fortifications around the western spur of the Sixth Hill may have a very old origin, it is wrong to think that...
The Religious Sites and Walls at the Sixth Hill
Two important religious sites—the Church of Blachernae and the Church of St. Nicholas—were located at the foot of the western spur of the Sixth...
The Defensive Lines
The Defensive Lines Around the Western Spur of the Sixth Hill
There were three main lines of fortification built around the western spur of the...
Why Buildings in Constantinople Are Poorly Made
There are several reasons, besides the difficult land layout, for why the houses in Constantinople are built cheaply and without much care.
One main reason...
